Slewing range of applications

Slewing range of applications
Slewing ring wide range of applications, mainly for lifting machinery (truck cranes, tower cranes, etc.), construction machinery (excavators, loaders, etc.), transportation machinery, materials processing machinery, metallurgical machinery, food processing machinery, as well as military equipment (tanks, anti-aircraft artillery, radar, rocket launchers, etc.), medical equipment, scientific equipment.
Slewing angular contact thrust ball bearing and plain bearings, rolling elements and has a band rolling ring raceway. However, it is compared with ordinary rolling bearing, there are many differences, and they are the following:
Slewing ring sizes are large, its diameter is usually 0.4 to 10 meters, some as high as 40 meters.
Slewing rings are generally required to bear the load of several aspects, not only to withstand the axial force, radial force, but also to withstand large overturning moment. Therefore, often acts as a slewing ring sets ordinary rolling bearings.
Slewing ring operating speed is very low, usually in the 10 rev / min or less. Moreover, in most cases, slewing ring without continuous rotation, but only within a certain angle and from the rotation, the equivalent of the so-called "swing bearing."
In the manufacturing process, materials and heat treatment, etc., slewing ring and rolling sealed angular contact ball bearing are very different.
Typically, the seal ring gear rotational drive and dustproof with a slewing ring on.

Wind turbine bearing's Embalmed

Wind turbine bearing's Embalmed
Wind turbine equipment in the field work, and yaw, pitch Wind turbine bearing part is bare, exposed, and will be subject to air pollution and high humidity may cause corrosion bearing matrix, therefore, exposed bare yaw and pitch bearings site requirements for surface corrosion treatment, commonly used galvanized. If necessary, external galvanized layer paint protection treatment.
(1) generating capacity comparison: magnet synchronous technology of its units wide speed range, at low wind power generation has certain advantages, but its full power frequency characteristics of wind speed leads to increase its power generation capacity advantage will cause the inverter loss rapidly increases.
(2) Cost Comparison: permanent magnet synchronous technology, while reducing or eliminating the gearbox cost, but its generator and full-power converter technology is more expensive than in the double-fed.
(3) THD:. Permanent magnet synchronous technology used in its full power conversion system THD is very high, you must use the harmonic filter. The double-fed unit in THD can be controlled under the former.

Tapered roller bearing structural features

Tapered roller bearing structural features
Tapered roller bearing type code is 30000, tapered roller bearings for the separation of Four-Row Taper Roller Bearing. Under normal circumstances, with tapered especially in the "Rolling bearings tolerance" are involved in the size range of roller bearings between the outer and inner components are interchangeable hundred percent can be used. The angle of the outer ring and the outer raceway diameter has been normalized to the same size and shape provides. When allowed to change in design and manufacturing. To cause between tapered roller bearing outer ring and inner components can be interchanged in common worldwide. Tapered roller bearings are mainly used to bear radial load mainly radial and axial joint load. Compared with angular contact ball bearings, bearing capacity, low speed limits. Tapered roller bearings can withstand axial load in one direction, a direction to limit the axial displacement of the shaft or housing.

Ball bearing profiles and composition structure

Ball bearing profiles and composition structure
There are single row radial Deep groove ball bearing, double row spherical, radial thrust, thrust and thrust to the heart and other structural types. ① single row radial ball bearings: compact, easy to use, and wide application. Mainly used to bear radial load, it can withstand a certain amount of axial load. In the high-speed device, it can also be used to replace the thrust bearing. This Order of the friction is small, extreme high speed, suitable for rigid large double bearing axis.
Structure and composition
Ball bearings are mainly made up of four basic elements: ball, inner ring, outer ring and the cage or retainer. Ball and ring usually high chromium steel, Rockwell hardness of between about 61-65. While maintaining the low hardness compared to the balls and the ring, which material has a metal or metalloid. ball bearing rotation than the ball bearing friction is small, and therefore at the same speed, temperature and friction will be relatively low.

Development Status bearings

Development Status bearings
Bearing is an important foundation for all types of machinery and equipment parts, its precision, performance, longevity and reliability of the host precision, performance, longevity and reliability play a decisive role. Mechanical products, angular contact thrust ball bearing are precision products, comprehensive support not only in mathematics, theoretical physics, and many other disciplines, but also materials science, heat treatment technology, precision machining and measurement technology, digital technology and efficient numerical methods and powerful computer technology and many other disciplines to serve, therefore bearing is a representative national scientific and technological strength of the product.
After the international financial crisis in 2008, the state response to the financial crisis, has taken to increase infrastructure investment and stimulate economic development in the proactive fiscal policy. Benefit from the development of related industries, bearing rapidly expanding sales and profit levels would be enhanced significantly accelerate the development of the industry. According to the National Bureau of Statistics, China bearing manufacturing industry size in 2011 (annual sales income of 20 million yuan or more) companies a total of 1416 companies, total industrial output value of 193.211 billion yuan, an increase of 27.59%; sales revenue of 191.097 billion yuan, an increase of 30.30%; total profit of 12.523 billion yuan, an increase of 26.54% over the previous year.
In recent years, world famous enterprises have entered the Chinese market and establish production bases bearing. The company is not only a global business, and is a global manufacturer, by virtue of their superior brand, equipment, technology, capital and production scale, and domestic enterprises bearing a fierce competition. Domestic enterprises are mainly engaged in manufacturing general Bearing life testing machine, less special and high-end bearing manufacturers, technology is not mature. Therefore, domestic enterprises are to compete with foreign advanced bearing brands, and even beyond, but also need to go through a long period of time in terms of technology development.

wind turbine bearing Principle of wind power

wind turbine bearing Principle of wind power, is the use of wind driven windmill blades rotate, then the rotation speed boost through the growth machine, to induce generators. According to Ceramic Ball Bearings the current windmill technology, which is about three meters per second wind speed (degree breeze), you can start to generate electricity.the tail so that the blade always to the wind direction so as to obtain the largest wind energy; ball bearing  swivel head allows the flexibility to rotate in order to achieve function to adjust the direction of the tail; the nose is a permanent magnet rotor, stator windings cutting magnetic field lines generate electricity.

Roughness tester called many names surface roughness tester

Roughness tester called many names surface roughness tester, surface finish instrument, surface roughness tester,taper roller bearing  roughness tester, roughness tester, roughness tester. Induction heater It has high accuracy, wide measuring range, easy to operate, easy to carry, job stability and other characteristics, can be widely used in a variety of metal detection and processing of non-metallic surface, rotary table bearing  the instrument is a sensor host integration pocket instruments, with handheld, it is more suitable for use in the production site. Shape with pull aluminum mold design, durable, anti-electromagnetic interference capability significantly, with the current design of the new trend.

taper roller bearing

Induction heater (referred sensor) is an inductance coil, to meet a variety of heating processes it is reasonable distribution of the induced magnetic field by, is a key component to taper roller bearing implement various types of induction heating process, angular contact ball bearing  the member is a must, it is directly related to the performance of the heating excellent technology, the sensor must be manufactured by heating process, due to the wide range of induction heating process, so the sensor corresponding wide variety of specifications.
 Since the roller is  Hydrodynamic Bearing  staggered, so only one set of Cross-Roller Ring can withstand the loads in all directions, compared with the traditional model, rigidity increased by 3 to 4 times. Meanwhile, due to cross roller bearing inner or outer ring is constructed of two split, adjustable bearing clearance, even if they are applied preload can be obtained with high precision rotary motion.

Four cylindrical roller and the raceway for the line contact bearings

Four cylindrical roller and the raceway for the line contact bearings. Load capacity, the main radial load. taper roller bearing The rolling element and ring wall friction is small, suitable for high-speed rotation. According ring without ribs, can be divided NU, grinding spindle NJ, NUP, N, NF and other single row bearings, and NNU, NN and other double row bearings. The bearing is the inner, outer separable structure. Inner or outer wall of the cylindrical roller bearings, the inner and outer rings relative to the axial movement can therefore be used as free-end bearings.  Four-Row Taper Roller Bearing  On either side of the inner and outer double wall, the other side of the ring has a single wall of the cylindrical roller bearings, can withstand a certain degree of axial load direction. General use of steel stamping cage, or copper alloy machined cage. But there are also some use of polyamide forming cage.

Cross roller bearings, because the inner or outer ring is split, and the interval after loading the roller cage, and Cross-Roller Ring secured together to prevent separation from each other, so when you install the Cross-Roller Ring Operation simple. Since the roller is staggered, so only one set of Cross-Roller Ring can withstand the loads in all directions, compared with the traditional model, rigidity increased by 3 to 4 times. Meanwhile, due to cross roller bearing inner or outer ring is constructed of two split, adjustable bearing clearance, even if they are applied preload can be obtained with high precision rotary motion.

Tapered roller bearings are separable bearings

Tapered roller bearings are separable bearings, inner and outer rings have tapered raceway. These bearings are loaded according to the number of columns roller into single row, fatigue testing machine  double row and four row tapered roller bearings, such as different structural types. Single row tapered roller bearings can support radial load and axial load in one direction. When the bearing radial load, will produce an axial component, so when you need another can withstand axial force vibration measurement  in the opposite direction of the bearing to be balanced.

The ability to single row tapered roller bearing axial load depends on the
contact angle, ie the angle of the outer ring raceway, the greater the angle,
the greater the axial load capacity. Tapered roller bearings are up to the
amount of single row tapered roller Bearing life testing machine bearings. In the car's front wheels, and
spend the small size of the double row tapered roller bearings. Four tapered
roller bearings used in large-scale cold rolling mill and other heavy machines.

add more people to the industry's status quo concerns.

Construction Vehicles and Equipment Expo began in 2002, held once every two years. Last Bauma Shanghai has become one of the Asia's largest trade show, after two years, with the economic slowdown, investment slowdown, start reducing the domestic construction machinery industry entered the most difficult period over the past decade, but still amounted to 30 exhibition area square meters, becoming new International Expo Center put into operation since the first use of all indoor and outdoor venues Expo booth scene is still "a hard to find."

Exhibition of hot conceal construction machinery industry biting winter. The second quarter of last year, the overall economic downturn makes the construction wind turbine bearing‍ machinery industry by the most direct hit, the market mainly aircraft sales are in severe decline, president of the China Construction Machinery Industry Association, Qi Chun said that this year is the Chinese construction machinery industry for 10 years, the most difficult year, the association will also be had on the global industry sales growth forecast of 12% down to 4% -5%. Angular contact ball bearing‍  Shanghai this year, although more than 2,600 exhibitors up, but Komatsu, Hitachi, Kobelco, Sumitomo, Yuchai, CSR Times, IMC heavy subjects such well-known companies declared absent, add more people to the industry's status quo concerns.

There are absent, there are heavy return. After an absence of eight years Bauma Shanghai, the world's largest construction machinery enterprises Caterpillar Group has strong debut in "The hardest moment", and announced the appointment of Chen Qiwen starting next year January 1 - a native of China who served as Group Vice worldwide president and president of China.

Caterpillar return behind the development of a strong European and American multinational giants China construction machinery industry. Yesterday on the show, Metso announced two initiatives to strengthen the strategic layout in China: Guangxi Liugong Group to establish a 50% -50% of the joint venture, and the purchase of 75% stake Shao Rui heavy, large-scale project to develop the domestic crushing and screening machinery market. Volvo Construction Equipment Company also announced that it has invested about 10 million yuan for the expansion of production capacity in China.‍

the load acting on the surface due to the size of the wheel hub bearing different characteristic change occurs

Increasing the rotation radius of curvature of the surface of the groove, the rolling bearing can reduce the frictional resistance. However, if the radius of curvature increases, the contact surface pressure between the ball and the plane of rotation between the bearing load will increase. In particular, the rotation, the durability of the bearings will taper roller bearings decrease, thus increasing the radius of curvature of the simple approach has been difficult to achieve. DNT Andes contact position with the ball and rotating the load acting on the surface due to the size of the Slewing bearing different characteristic change occurs, developed the new bearings. Compared with the original, in the contact position of the straight running is increased when the radius of curvature of the trench, and the radius of curvature of the contact position during rotation remains the Slewing bearing same as the original. By this method, when the straight traveling wheel rolling bearing to reduce frictional resistance, it is also to ensure that the same level of durability as the original. It also reduces the product than the original preload range, further reducing the frictional resistance.
       Previously, the company accounted for by reducing wheel bearing friction half of the seal sliding resistance, developed about 15% lower friction wheel bearing seal, and by virtue of the product development market. The development of the use of technology that allows the wheel hub bearing rolling resistance reduced by about 25%. Coupled with a low friction bearing seal design allows maximum reduction of friction when traveling straight 40%. Development of large wind power bearing ranks among the world's most advanced

Chinese companies reporter Carter Eaton parts giant merger is intended to keep a close

2013 machine tool industry will be an important opportunity for growth or for industrial transformation and upgrading of the main points of the Platform for enterprise industrial base next five years is the development of remanufacturing industry, nuclear power China Nuclear high precision bearings Power Company Electric rapid development of nuclear power industry giants will share trillion feast Audi Volkswagen plant in North America Audi car repairer recognized in North America to build engine plant plans to consider TD-SCDMA Taiwan NT OEM 2010 Q3 units over the same period a slight growth of the semiconductor industry SAT SAT target 4.1% tax periods: "Twelve Five" tax to maintain sustained growth mold precision plastic mold parts rapid development of China's plastic mold industry increasingly large Chinese Bearing manufacturing machine companies reporter Carter Eaton parts giant merger is intended to keep a close eye beautiful new generation of Asia-Pacific market ships ideal type of ship electrical wiring four advantages terminal control system aerospace aerospace Executive Vice President and Secretary General of China Machine Tool Industry Association, said Wang Liming, on the 6th, 2013 is expected to total industrial output value of China's machine tool industry will maintain a growth rate of over 10%.hydraulic device system material successfully developed special hydraulic machine

optimize the capital structure wind turbine bearing possible.

In recent years, the Northwest bearing liabilities has been running at a high state. As of December 31, 2013, the company's gearing ratio was 73.86%, current ratio was 0.98, quick ratio was 0.66. Higher debt levels, making certain the Northwest bearing debt risk. Recent taper roller bearing Northwest bearing non-public offering plan, will allow the company to reduce debt levels, optimize the capital structure possible.
Northwest bearing release of "non-public offering of A shares plan" and a major shareholder of petrochemical Thin section bearing pagoda released "acquisition report" shows that the price the company will be 4.81 yuan / share issuance stone pagoda directed to 124,740,125 shares, raising wind turbine bearing total funds 60,000.00 million. Net of issuance costs, giving priority to investment projects of high-end bearings 40,000.00 million surplus does not exceed 20,000.00 million used to supplement working capital.
The company said, assuming that the non-public issue of the successful completion of the program, the largest shareholder after 600 million fund in place, not only the company's asset-liability ratio will significantly reduce the current ratio and quick ratio will be Wind turbine bearing significantly improved, can effectively improve the ability to resist risks, as the company's long-term steady development and lay a solid foundation. At the same time, raised $ 400 million in gold investments for the construction of the bearing industry, "second Five Year Plan" key recommendation of the product categories, including petrochemical equipment bearings, bearing metallurgical equipment, mining machinery and equipment bearing as the representative of large bearings to high-end motor bearings are precision bearings representative to subway cars, as represented Bahn rail vehicle bearing. Implementation of the project can significantly improve the company's profitability, and achieved good social benefits.

ZYS Precision Bearing Company has seven production line six grades products through certification

Company has seven production line six grades  products through certification, achieved a historic breakthrough.  Group Global Quality Manager and two experts in the field after two days of rigorous and meticulous certification, combined with the pre-trial materials supply review the results, finds Xinyegang quality system and physical quality of products fully comply with the certification requirements brands. ZYS Precision Bearing Xinyegang said it would strengthen its cooperation as a strategic Precision bearing  partner, and continue to expand other varieties and production line certification, has strengthened cooperation between the Xinyegang quality certification by the German means that its products sold in the EU as well Bearing Test Machine as Western countries unimpeded. It is reported that Xinyegang existing Slewing bearing products by more than 40 international and domestic certification authority and the famous authorized users. Among them, the seamless steel pipe for the national inspection-free products, the  certification, certification; oil pipe through the API certification; bearing steel has reached the international advanced level, won the Swedish company SKF, American General's recognition of accreditation, etc.

Will affect the bearing manufacturer temperature of the bearing which aspects?

After bearing pressed into the bearing block should be flexible rotation without feeling. If significant rotation is not flexible, it indicates the size of the shaft is too great, the tolerance to be reduced. After such thrust high speed bearing  pressed into the shaft turned by hand obvious "imperfections" sense, it may be too much tolerance of the shaft or shaft roundness bad. So when good control shaft and the taper roller bearing  chamber also control the roundness tolerance, many domestic manufacturers only tolerance control, no roundness control.
Because the taper roller bearing  re high-precision products, such as improper assembly is likely to cause damage to the bearing channel, leading to bearing damage. Thrust cylindrical roller bearings in the assembly should have a dedicated mold and can not beat, pressed into the shaft when the force only a small circle, the circle of force only when the pressure of the big circle. When using pneumatic or hydraulic assembly requirements, in the press-fit upper and lower mold levels to remain outside the state, if any, bearing channel tilt will cause damage due to power, leaving the bearing guide ring.

taper roller bearing with its own mounting holes

Also called slewing ring is a special structure can withstand large large axial load, radial load and overturning moment consolidated load bearing. Typically, with its own mounting holes, lubricants holes and sealing devices, to meet the different needs of a variety of different conditions of various types of host. Turntable bearing itself has Bearing manufacturer a compact, easy to guide rotation, easy to install and easy to maintain. Structure in the form of wheel bearings wheel bearing structures commonly used classification of a single row, double row four point contact ball slewing bearings, double row angular contact thrust ball bearing turntable, Cross cylindrical roller and cross tapered roller wheel bearings, three-row cylindrical roller slewing bearing, ball stud mix different structural forms high speed bearing turntable bearings. Distributed in accordance with the above types of bearing parts and whether toothed gears are divided into different structures no gear, external gear, and the gear and so on. Wheel bearings wheel bearings bearing characteristics can satisfy the needs of working under various load conditions, depending on a host of structural features. Among them, four-point contact ball slewing bearings with high dynamic load capacity. Double row ball slewing bearing capacity than a single volleyball turntable has greatly improved. Cross cylindrical roller slewing with high static load capacity. Ball joint wheel bearing pillar in ensuring the accuracy of certain rotating conditions, with large axial and radial loads and the ability to overturning moment.

Fixed according to the work load of the size taper roller bearing

In order to ensure the bearing after installation without excessive deformation must do:
(1) shaft and housing bore roundness and a shoulder block to the verticality of precision bearings according to the respective requirements.
(2) it is necessary to accurately calculate the amount of interference with the rotation of the ring, but also accurately calculate the appropriate amount of fixed rings.
Rotating rings blanch the extent possible, the amount of interference should also get smaller. As long as the effects of thermal expansion and ensure the operating temperature, and the maximum Sealed bearing  speed under the influence of centrifugal force, so as not to cause a tight fit creeping or sliding surfaces. Fixed according to the work load of the size of the ring and bearing size, select a very small clearance fit or interference fit, too loose or too tight is not conducive to maintaining the exact original shape.
(3) If the bearing at high speed operation, and higher operating temperature, should pay special attention to rotating rings can not be too loose to prevent the tie appeared eccentric, and a gap can not be fixed ferrule to prevent the ferrule deformation under load taper roller bearing and vibration excitation.
Impact (4) to take a small Four-Row Taper Roller Bearing fixed ring interference fit condition is to match the shape of the surface of both sides have high accuracy and less roughness, or cause installation difficulties disassembly harder, also need to consider the thermal expansion of the spindle .
(5) the use of pairs of angular contact ball bearing spindle, mostly lighter loads, such as interference with its larger, its internal axial preload amount will be significantly larger, adversely affected. Double row cylindrical roller bearings and tapered roller bearing spindle spindle, its load is relatively large, so its interference with relatively large.

Slewing bearing Many factors, improper installation methods

The most fundamental principle of bearing maintenance that must be maintained before installation and installation of bearings clean. Many factors, improper installation methods, dirty hands or tools, such as contaminated lubricants will damage the bearings. Regardless of the quality of the bearings or seals, these factors may cause bearing damage quickly. Bearings must be kept at all times clean and keep the bearings clean clutch bearings beforehand than afterwards clean bearing much simpler. Many bearings are not separate, more difficult to clean the bearings work. With tolerances and tolerances can be found, and the gap with other information. Installation of a variety of seal oil seal installation method, each vendor told a different story, even seal nearly identical. But the best way to do it according to taper roller bearings the manufacturer's instructions. If you can not get the installation method, we have the following principle to give you some tips. Cold or hot loaded bearing outer ring is mounted if an interference fit, usually installed in the cold method, if the bearing inner ring is an interference fit, as the case feasible cold loading or thermal loading. Small bearings without heating, the use of hydraulic or sleeve plus hammer to install. There are many ways large bearings, grease type, hydraulic or heating and so on.

ball bearing adhere to independent innovation

Recently, the China Machinery Industry Federation, China Automotive Industry Association, China Machine Network hosted by "China Machinery Industry hundred enterprises, automobile 30 years of strong corporate information conference and Development Review" Conference held in Beijing, Wazhou Group re-enter the China machinery Industry hundred list, ranked No. 54.
From 2004 to 2014, China wind turbine bearings Machinery Industry hundred enterprises, the automotive industry 30 companies information dissemination activities have been held 10 sessions, each WBGC have entered ball bearing the list. From the scientific and technological innovation, operational efficiency levels, corporate growth, production scale, etc., become mechanical hundred, car top 30 list in the crowd. Assembly and other enterprises to WBGC awarded the "Machinery Industry hundred enterprises. Decades of development Outstanding Contribution Award", there were 15 companies honored, two of Liaoning Province, Dalian, ZWZ only one.
In recent years, ZWZ vigorously promote the reform of enterprises, adhere to independent innovation, large-scale product structure, market restructuring, the market opportunity and advantage super-precision bearing to win, the accumulation of power in the development of innovation in the development experience gained in the adjustment creating the conditions for transition in the rapid development of strength and achieve a sustained, healthy and rapid development of China's bearing industry has always maintained the vanguard position.
Reporters learned yesterday, ZWZ will break through the high-end products and the international market as the main direction of development of a number of high-end products, a number of high-end manufacturing, to seize a number of high-end market, foster a number of high-end strategic customers, accelerate the transformation and upgrading, to become oriented globally, internationally competitive large bearing Group.。

Will become a trend in the taper roller bearing services

In 2012, the construction machinery market downturn great influence on the bearing, 1 to December, China's bearing industry sales fell 6%, profits fell 25%. But the economic crisis is also an opportunity, many companies from 2009 onwards began to abandon the low-end products, research and development to proceed in large bearings.
Will become a trend in the future manufacturing services, according to the Chinese bearing industry plan, "Twelve Five", revenue from services will account for about 25% of the main business income.
From the beginning of product Precision bearing  development, to provide equipment, sales and service, which is a big chain. However, at present, bearing manufacturing enterprises pay more attention to this one, the lack of "playing the brand" awareness. This is also the place where we need to work the Association: to promote the strength of large enterprises to do the service, to play the brand, go to the international Slewing bearings competition for markets and giants.
You know, at present, eight multinational companies in China has built 43 bearing factories that produced the original high-end bearings, now gradually extended to the end, take advantage of lower labor costs in China, together with the original brand and the domestic bearing business a direct collision. In China, more than 1,400 bearings business, but not one-known international brands, in competition with the large multinational companies, the brand has a competitive disadvantage relative profit margins will be much lower

the lowest ball bearing average export price of products

This year, two months before Luoyang drum-shaped roller bearings export average price of 430.8 yuan each, cylindrical roller bearings average price of 390.6 yuan each, but exports were only 01,500 units and 02,700 units, compared with the average export price products with high export volume is low. The ball bearing deep groove ball average price 7.8 yuan each, the lowest average export price of products, the highest export volume.
The past two years largely maintained Luoyang Bearing exports about $ 200 million. automotive bearing exports substantially from miniature bearings, Luoyang Bearing micro level of technical quality of products have been close to international standards, has occupied a stable international market. But the lag-end bearings contain the development of the bearing industry. Since the end Luoyang Bearing in performance and price ratio, high precision, low noise, long life and high reliability and foreign bearing tester well-known enterprises there is a big gap, reflected in the market is the domestic demand for high-end bearings are still to be rely on imports to meet. Therefore, in order to maintain long-term Luoyang Bearing Industry level in a steady and rapid development, the focus should be placed on top of the R & D and industrialization of high-end bearings

taper roller bearing squeeze traditional markets through price competition

increase investment in the world bearing the giant forward China's low-end market expansion; while domestic companies manufacture products bearing 90% of the low-end products, squeeze traditional high speed bearings markets through price competition. Under the pressure of the squeeze,  urgent need to find a new market space.
Reduce the opportunity cost of the predicament in demand
Since the economic downturn, cost reduction became the needs of all businesses. Domestic enterprises to break through a host of foreign barriers, reduce costs and improve competitiveness, the demand for high-end products to replace imports increased significantly; equally to reduce costs, foreign companies and therefore increase the amount of purchases in China. To seize this opportunity,  to cultivate new growth points in the high-end bearings breakthrough, a breakthrough on the international market, the adjustment of product structure, the development of high-end products, to explore the international market and domestic high-end market.
In recent years, a large effort to develop fine, heavy, special, new products, high-end products to achieve High speed Spindle a breakthrough. Currently, railway wagon axle bearing  large and well-known companies in the bidding to the fore, began to supply; big bearing projects into production,  bearing products to further expand the range of processing; import substitution industrial gearbox bearings, mechanical bearings coal , precision motor bearings, wind power spindle bearings, bearing reducer orders substantial growth.
in critical manufacturing equipment has reached the world advanced level, to participate in international competition in the market has laid a solid foundation. In the first quarter of this year, put ZWZ bearings for industrial equipment orders have exceeded 2013 full-year orders.

because of ball bearing the contradictions and problems in developing the way

As a key part in the equipment manufacturing industry and the national economy of strategic materials , China's bearing industry after sixty years of sustained and rapid development, has become the bearing production and sales ranked the world's third largest producer of bearings . However, because of the contradictions and problems in developing the way , industry structure , innovation and brand building , the production of Bearing test machine  overall level of performance and quality is not high , big but not strong bearing industry , high-end products bearing is mainly dependent on imports, compared with the world powers exists a wide gap between the bearing .
As China's bearing industry first A -share listed companies, has been China Northwest bearing large, large petrochemical machinery, metallurgical and mining machinery, engineering machinery Precision bearing  key enterprises. In recent years , due to funding constraints , no large scale technical transformation investment fell sharply position in the industry . In addition , the company in recent years, the high debt ratio, lower profitability, working capital tense. After careful research, the decision Northwest bearing non-public offering of shares , for the construction of high-end bearings project , adding that the company working capital to expand production capacity, optimize the product structure , improve the company's operating conditions . If successful implementation of the project , Northwest bearing will also be able to promote some high-end products bearing the localization of China's bearing industry contribute to stronger force

ZYS ball bearing the school offers professional bearing more than 60 graduates per year only

technical personnel bearing enterprises nationwide phenomenon prevalent in the age structure of the fault . Many companies bearing fault phenomenon of professional and technical personnel is the primary cause of the fault appears on personnel training colleges , as a professional this time bearing the original seven or eight engineering colleges to develop the so-called " wide caliber professional" in the name of being Bearing manufacturer cut into general mechanical engineering and become attached to a mechanical engineering course projects ( specialized ) , a sharp decrease in the number of bearing graduate.
Bearing Henan University of Science and Technology now has become the only country " only son " , so far the school has a national bearing industry has trained nearly 2,000 undergraduate taper roller bearings and graduate students . The vast majority of these students have become the backbone of the bearing industry technology , Henan University of Science and Technology has been hailed as " China 's bearing industry Whampoa Military Academy" insiders . However, the school offers professional bearing more than 60 graduates per year only , can not meet the needs of the country thousands of bearing plant.
Strengthen research and education bearing imminent

taper roller bearing so that the entire domestic construction machinery industry to recover

Proposed two sessions related to economic growth targets , infrastructure around the city began to actively start including road , rail, water , ports, airports and other major urban projects . Carry out large-scale projects , so that the entire domestic Bearing manufacturing machine construction machinery industry to recover, demand for construction machinery relatively strong , while increasing market demand for bearing a certain extent .
Bearing rising production plan
From the data , the current domestic marine ships, automobiles , oil pipelines and so on industry production plans to maintain a certain stability. And bearing a slight increase in construction taper roller bearing  machinery industry production plans. With the recovery of the construction machinery industry will contribute significantly to the demand for bearings , bearing industry will develop further. Most of the bearing steel enterprises to maintain good sales in March , sales growth could help stabilize the entire bearing steel market , promote the rapid development of bearing steel companies.
Growth in demand for high-end bearings
The current stable development of China's bearing manufacturing industry , market demand for high-end bearing is growing, such as machine tool bearings , aerospace bearings, high-speed precision bearings, wind power bearings, rolling bearings , high-speed rail bearings, turbocharger bearings , and so on .

taper roller bearing industry has been one of the national key enterprises

company developed " Metro ( light rail ) development and application of bearings " project , if successfully implemented, can promote China's subway cars bearing domestic work , breaking the monopoly of foreign technology , reduce procurement costs and improve the ability to self- repair , revitalize national industry, to promote the development of China's rail transportation equipment manufacturing and upgrades.
Insiders said that before the 1990s, Northwest bearing bearing industry has been one of the national key enterprises , the scale of production in the fourth digit industry . The company plans a total Bearing manufacturer investment of 400 million yuan construction of high-end bearings project construction period of 2 years , the first four years of full production . After completion, the expected sales income 63,000 yuan, net profit of 6,150 million. With the successful implementation of roller bearings the project , Northwest bearing plain bearing products will be phased out , the major resources into high value-added " large , high-speed , precision ," R & D and production of high-end bearings , very in line with national industrial policy , comply with the current economic , policy orientation. This will not only be able to expand its market share in the Northwest bearing production scale and product , help the company to return to the first tier bearing enterprises , but also to promote the overall development and progress of China's bearing industry to some extent

To shorten the gap between the world ball bearing

To shorten the gap between the world powers bearings , bearing manufacturing to improve our manufacturing level , the Chinese government has issued a series of industrial policies to support and encourage domestic enterprises towards the end bearing bearing localization direction. "Long-term Science and Technology Development Plan (2006 - 2020 ) " should be made to focus on the development of major equipment required for the Bearing test machine design of key basic parts and components , manufacturing and key technologies for mass production . China's " bearing industry," second five "development plan" put forward , "Twelve Five" period, the bearing industry 's main business grew 11.84 percent average annual production average annual clutch bearing growth of 13.30% , industry profits grew 13.90 percent average annual total goals. This reflects the country fully affirmed the important status and role of the bearing industry in the national economy , as well as support for the development of industrial bearings , bearings for the healthy development of the industry provides a good opportunity for development .

Rolling in the manufacture of the contract is required clearance

Tapered roller bearing type code 30000 , tapered roller bearings for the separation of bearings . Under normal circumstances, especially in the inner cone GB/T307.1- " Rolling bearings tolerance " involved in the size range of roller bearings are one hundred percent can be used interchangeably in common between the outer and inner components . The angle of the outer ring raceway and the outer diameter has been standardized Bearing manufacturing machine with the same dimensions provides . When allowed to change in design and manufacturing . Between the tapered roller bearings to cause the outer and inner components can be interchanged in common worldwide .
Tapered roller bearings are mainly used to bear radial load mainly radial and axial load . Compared with angular contact ball bearings , bearing capacity, low speed limits . Tapered roller bearings can withstand axial load in one direction a direction to limit the axial displacement of the shaft or housing .
Dynamic bearing from manufacturing to installation and then use its clearance what changes
Rolling in the manufacture of the contract is required clearance
this clearance is generally referred to as the original clearance ; while the bearing is installed on the host , because a ferrule has an interference fit , resulting in reduced high speed bearing clearance values this clearance is formed after the installation is called installation clearance ; after running, bearing parts temperature, volume changes, because the bearing shaft or housing to match the temperature increases also occurred in the age of elongation phenomenon, which lead to recurrence of the bearing clearance changes , this work is called up clearance clearance work . Generally, it is less than the installed operating clearance clearance, sometimes also with the clearance values ​​group with different installation methods increases.
The method of running track and applied load

for more oil wedge tilting ball bearing does not allow repair scratch pad

can be carved by hand scrape or bearing surface after turning padded repair scraping method adjustments.  2, cylindrical and oval on top of the bearing clearance , can be hand- scrape method or circumstances allow the bearing to the equatorial plane padded adjustments.  3, for more oil wedge fixed bearing, in principle, allow repair scratch and adjust bearing clearance , clearance inappropriate should be taper roller bearing replaced with new tile .  4, for more oil wedge tilting bearing, does not allow repair scratch pad , the gap should be replaced due to improper tile . Adjustable tile thickness can be adjusted by the amount of tile tile behind the next plus stainless steel pad adjustment block , block or adjust the thickness of the thinning method . Note for more oil wedge tilting high speed bearings  among the same group of tile thickness error should be less than 0.01mm.maintenance of technical requirements for the operation of the bearings to withstand load, speed , temperature , vibration, noise and lubrication condition monitoring and inspection , abnormal immediately find reasons to adjust to return to normal. Without further need for impact resistance as spherical roller thrust bearing materials using chrome steel , chrome molybdenum steel , nickel-chromium -molybdenum steel , the use of carbon infiltration quenching the steel from the surface to the proper depth of a hardened layer

ZYS clutch bearing avoid resonance with the host , avoiding sensitive resonance speed

In general , to control noise bearings must take countermeasures root causes for these noise generation , in order to receive a permanent cure results. The main route is :  (1) Choose low noise Cylindrical roller bearings ; (2) avoid resonance with the host , avoiding sensitive resonance speed ;  (3) from the cylindrical roller bearing applications link on trying to eliminate noise ;(4) is invalid in other ways , additional measures of noise and silencer . bearings when the temperature rises , first determine whether the malfunction, as indeed increased, should wheel bearing be treated as follows :  check the cooling water pressure , flow and piping systems are normal. If water filter may be clogged down and can not handle , you can stop treatment, when it is confirmed to work , and then put into use.  Should check governor oil pressure, oil pressure may result if the cooling water hydraulic valves closed.  Check whether there is abnormal sound ball bearings  bearings , cylindrical roller bearings and detect whether there are abnormal swing . Take oil samples to observe whether there are changes in oil color , and conduct tests to see whether the deterioration. If confirmed deterioration , should be shut down to replace with new oil. Check the oil standard oil level is normal, if abnormal , check the tank drain valve is closed. If closed, should fill the oil , if it is sealed cushion oil leakage should stop processing

No matter how high-performance ball bearing

Bearings are precision components , be careful when you need to use . No matter how high-performance  high speed bearing  , if used improperly , it will not get the expected performance . Here are some Precautions bearing. A keep clean environment in and around bearing invisible even fine dust into the bearing , will increase the wear , noise and vibration of the bearing. Cylindrical roller bearings and their peripheral accessories should be kept clean , especially dust and dirt , tools and work environment are essential to keep it clean . Second, when used carefully allowed to install a powerful punch , knocking allowed direct bearing with a hammer , are not allowed to pass through the rolling pressure . Third, the use of appropriate , proper installation tools possible to use special tools, such as heaters and special high precision bearings    drawing tool , etc., try to avoid using things fabric and staple fiber and the like . Fourth, to prevent corrosion of the bearings by hand directly when handling bearings, be sure to wash hands sweat , and coated with high-quality mineral oil before operation, especially during the rainy season and summer to pay attention to rust. However , in some special operating conditions , cylindrical roller bearings can get a longer life in traditional computing, especially in under light load conditions. These special operating premise is that when the rolling surface ( track and rolling elements ) are effectively separated and limit pollutants may cause damage to the surface of a lubricant film .

ZYS taper roller bearing crane maintenance operation 50 hours lubricated once

maintenance crane technology shift tooth surface work 10 once the debris should be removed and re- coated with grease.
 In order to ensure crane maintenance technical reliability of the bolt work to avoid bolt preload is insufficient, slewing the first 100 hours of work and 500 hours , respectively crane ZYS Precision Bearings maintenance should check pretension bolts . Then every 1000 hours of operation should be checked once pretension .
technology to connect maintenance crane slewing ring bolts and nuts are made of high-strength bolts and nuts ; double nuts and lock .
crane maintenance techniques tighten the nut should topcoat oil and nut threaded end of the bolt , and a torque wrench should be used uniformly in the circumferential direction ZYS taper roller bearings of symmetry repeatedly tightened. Crane Maintenance Technical finally tightened again when the crane maintenance techniques on each bolt tightening torque should be roughly uniform.
 crane maintenance technology in the slewing ring gear surface raceway parts are aligned cloth 4 cup oil , thereby adding grease to the Raceway . Under normal circumstances , slewing crane maintenance operation 50 hours lubricated once. Every crane maintenance techniques must add a little oil until the oil leaking from the seal so far .

characteristics of the multi- row angular contact ZYS ball bearing

Zhejiang  ZYS taper roller bearings  distributor, professional sales agents  bearings,  bearings provide customers with quality products that help companies reduce costs, improve economic efficiency and other aspects of business has made tremendous contributions. We learned from the Zhejiang distributor of Bearing , Japan  Bearing Corporation announced : In order to adapt to the ball screw support machine part , developed to achieve " world's largest " load capacity of multi- row angular contact ball bearings and machine tools as bearing "ULTAGE" series of product supply .
Here we follow the   bearings distributor, to understand the mechanism and characteristics of the  multi- row angular contact ball bearings :
multi- row angular contact  ZYS Sealed bearing ball through increased size and maximizing the number of balls , improve the load capacity and rigidity , longer product life , because with both sides sealed , so no installation bearing cleaning , degreasing and lubricating plus oil processes. In addition, the pre- sealed bearings have a long life oil , no way to add fat . Moreover, the mounting bolt holes located in the outer ring , bearing box is easy to install . Since the sealing lip and the improvement it can only result in increased friction loss torque . ( Zhejiang NTN Bearing editor )

ZYS taper roller bearing Machida Special Adviser to the President and the government

ZYS Angular contact ball bearing  Group Managing Director , Mr. Sung China chief representative of the temple mound , Special Adviser to the Bearing Group , chairman of the Japanese Society of Tribology Machida Sheung, Managing Director , Technology Development Division of the Minister , Mr positive, industrial machinery bearings China R & D center bearing technology center Dr. long Wong Chi Keung , Minister bearings business in China , the general manager of Beijing bearing Ms. Shen Hongxia , and Dean of School of Mechanical Engineering , Tsinghua University, Beijing , especially political , deputy director of the Beijing Tsinghua University Council , Professor Cen Zhangzhi ZYS Precision Bearing leadership and other aspects of Mechanical Engineering, more than 40 graduate students attended the session , " Sino-Japanese friendship In solemn , warm atmosphere , China chief representative of the house of Mr. Sung temple mound mound chief representative read out a list of The 12 winners and three researchers in Japan , managing Shoda , Machida Special Adviser to the President and the government , especially in order to obtain Outstanding student paper award certificates were awarded . At the award ceremony, Dean of the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering , Tsinghua University , especially political and Professor Cen Zhangzhi Paper Award for the successful operation of the highly praised , deep appreciation for the student owed ??. Shoda Managing enthusiastically introduced through the " Sino-Japanese friendship Mechanical Engineering Outstanding Paper Award" established to review the machinery industry of China and Tsinghua University have forged friendly relations for many years , and Bearing Group process and the rapid development of China , and winning students made ??a fervent hope. Finally , Beijing Tsinghua University student Liu Fangfang Year award on behalf of the winners , and Tsinghua University to leaders and teachers to express my sincere gratitude and expressed his unreserved dedication to the motherland learned , determination and dedication to the community.

To actively respond to national call for the elimination of ,ZYS Bearing Test Machine production capacity

Cixi : within two years of high energy transformers "laid off "
WASHINGTON ( Reporter correspondent Zhang Lu Li Li ) Recently, the City Power Supply Bureau powered by city staff came Yu Bo community , the community S7 -type high- energy transformer replacement for the new energy saving amorphous alloy distribution transformers , reduce power loss. So far, over 35 units within the city limits S7 ??-type transformers are replaced with high energy saving and environmental protection -type transformers.

To actively respond to national call for the elimination of ZYS Angular contact ball bearing  production capacity , accelerate the construction of new rural electrification , increase the energy saving new equipment applications . Recently, the City Power Supply Bureau launched a comprehensive high-energy transformer replacement work , a new round of rural power grids in the process of implementation of the elimination of old transformers work .

It is reported that the original transformer used for the S7 -type transformers, is the 1980s products , power loss, has been unable to further meet the increasing distribution network power quality and reliability , and vigorously promote the new ZYS Precision Bearings energy-efficient distribution transformers is imperative. In this high-energy transformer replacement work , S7 -type transformers will all be replaced with new energy-saving transformer - saving amorphous alloy distribution transformers . Energy amorphous alloy distribution transformer "posts ", the 10 kV line to reduce line loss rate . This is a loss of the transformer itself is only a year can reduce the energy loss of about 30 million kilowatt hours and reduce carbon emissions of approximately 265 tons .

ZYS ball bearing With a high pressure oil pump through the nozzle hitting insert ball bearing

Oil lubrication method comprising :
1 drip lubrication
Drip lubrication oil rationing was needed for spherical roller thrust bearing components , usually every 3-8 seconds drip drop amount is appropriate , too much oil will cause bearing temperature increased.
2 cycle oil lubrication
The filtered oil pump feeding oil to the bearing member , through the bearing lubricant and then filtered after cooling to use. As the cycle oil can be taken away some heat , so cooling  insert ball bearing and therefore law applies to high speed bearing components.
3 oil bath lubrication
Oil bath lubrication is the most common method of lubrication , suitable for low- , medium-speed bearing lubrication , spherical roller thrust bearing part of the dip in the tank , oil from the rotation of the bearing parts brought up , and then back into the oil sump should be slightly lower than the center of the lowest rolling element .
4 jet lubrication
With a high pressure oil pump through the nozzle hitting the bearings , INA bearings in oil injected into the other end of the bearing into the tank through . When the Rolling mill bearing is rotating at high speed , the rolling body and the retainer are relatively high rotational speed of the surrounding air to form an air flow difficult with the general method of lubrication oil to the bearings , then the lubricant must be sprayed with high-pressure injection method to thrust spherical roller bearings , the position of the nozzle should be placed between the inner and maintaining aircraft center.
5 spray lubrication
With dry air formed by the spray mist mixed with oil , jet thrust spherical roller bearings, air bearings can effectively make INA cool and prevent intrusion of impurities . This method is suitable for high-speed, high-temperature lubrication of the bearing components.

portrait artist of the 11th Beijing International Automotive Exhibition

portrait artist of the 11th Beijing International Automotive Exhibition
        Beijing  Bearings sales center news, May 2, 2010 , the 11th Beijing International Automotive Exhibition is the industry as " by far the world's biggest auto show next successfully concluded in a 10-day show in to " Imagine a Green Future " as the theme , demonstrating people, vehicles and nature in harmony ideal screen , providing rotary table bearing a platform for high-quality display of green innovation as the world's top brand auto parts conglomerate -. bearings company ,  portrait artist of the 11th Beijing International Automotive Exhibition. classic booth design, top-notch products, professional technical explanation , showing the  for endless pursuit of high-quality products and excellent professionalism  employees , cited to the attention of many domestic and foreign automobile manufacturers .

      Beijing Auto Show as China 's largest auto show, but with the development of China 's automobile high precision bearing market is becoming increasingly important , especially in the financial crisis , China 's auto market thriving, like the desert among a pool of water , which attracted all the world's cars internationally renowned manufacturers and parts manufacturers in the eye , auto parts suppliers such as : Bosch , DENSO, Magna , Alpine, Bridgestone , Dunlop , Hankook , attended this show . as a world -scale top-class auto parts conglomerate , which prides itself on high-quality products NSK Bearings Automotive World No. 1, EPS world-leading products , NSK bearings distributor in China has and will continue to provide cheap and quality auto parts to China and the world's car manufacturers . After Beijing auto show experience with baptism , NSK will continue to achieve a safe, comfortable and environment-friendly cars to boost social and development and make greater contributions to the automotive industry

portrait artist of the 11th Beijing International Automotive Exhibition

portrait artist of the 11th Beijing International Automotive Exhibition
Beijing  Bearings sales center news, May 2, 2010 , the 11th Beijing International Automotive Exhibition is the industry as " by far the world's biggest auto show next successfully concluded in a 10-day show in to " Imagine a Green Future " as the theme , demonstrating people, vehicles and nature in harmony ideal screen , providing a platform for high-quality display of green innovation as the world's top brand auto parts conglomerate -.  bearings company , NSK portrait artist of the 11th Beijing International Automotive Exhibition. classic booth design, top-notch products, professional Four-Row Cylindrical Roller Bearingtechnical explanation , showing the  for endless pursuit of high-quality products and excellent professionalism  employees , cited to the attention of many domestic and foreign Rolling mill bearing  manufacturers .
 Beijing Auto Show as China 's largest auto show, but with the development of China 's automobile market is becoming increasingly important , especially in the financial crisis , China 's auto market thriving, like the desert among a pool of water , which attracted all the world's cars internationally renowned manufacturers and parts manufacturers in the eye , auto parts suppliers such as : Bosch , DENSO, Magna ,Alpine, Bridgestone , Dunlop , Hankook , attended this show .  as a world -scale top-class auto parts conglomerate , which prides itself on high-quality products  Bearings Automotive World No. 1, EPS world-leading products , bearings distributor in China has and will continue to provide cheap and quality auto parts to China and the world's car manufacturers . After Beijing auto show experience with baptism ,  will continue to achieve a safe, comfortable and environment-friendly cars to boost social and development and make greater contributions to the automotive industry

in order to prevent accidents in the first place

For as long as possible in order to maintain the good condition of cylindrical roller bearings original performance , subject to maintenance, overhaul, in order to prevent accidents in the first place , to ensure the reliability of operation, improve productivity , economy . The best operating conditions and maintenance of appropriate machinery operating ZYS wind turbine bearing standards , regular basis. Including monitoring the operating condition , supplement or replace the lubricant regularly demolished checks. As a matter maintenance operation , a rotating bearing koyo sound , vibration, temperature , and so the state of the lubricant .
   Bearing cleaning:  overhaul cylindrical roller bearings , bearing koyo first recorded appearance to confirm the remaining amount of the lubricant , the lubricant after inspection sample , wash bearings. As a cleaning agent, the use of ordinary gasoline, kerosene.
   Cleaning bearings removed , cleaned of coarse and fine cleaning, were placed in the container, put ZYS Precision Bearings the first metal mesh bottom, so that no direct contact with the container bearing the dirt . Coarse cleaning , if the cylindrical roller bearings with rotating dirt will damage the bearing rolling surfaces , should be noted. In the crude oil washing , use a brush to remove grease, adhesive material, generally clean, into sperm washing .
Bearing cracking spalling is due to appear in the role of cycle koyo bearing loads , the contact surface is prone to fatigue damage caused , so in order to increase the service life of bearings , bearing steel must have a high contact fatigue strength.

Take a clean sheet of white filter paper

tapered roller bearings with grease if expired can not be used if it will not pay attention to tapered roller bearings have a huge damage , so you must learn how to determine whether the oil can be reused .
1 droplets traces Act
Take a clean sheet of white filter paper , drip a few drops on a filter paper , until the oil leak , if the angular contact ball bearing surface of black powder , there is resistance astringent sense of touch , then the oil which has a lot of impurities , good oil -free powder , hand feels dry and smooth , and the yellow marks.
2 hand twist method
Lubricant between the thumb and forefinger twist repeated grinding, good hand feel lubricating oil , less wear debris , no friction, if the sense of the sand and the like have a larger sense tapered bearing manufacturer of friction between the fingers , then the lubrication impurities in the oil , can not be reused and should be replaced with new oil .
3 Light Law
In the sky on a clear day , the oil lifted with a screwdriver , angle of 45 degrees with the horizontal . Control the sun, observe droplets case, in the light , you can clearly see that no oil debris as well, inheritable effects if too much debris , replace oil .
4 oil flow observation
Take two cups , one containing oil to be checked , the other empty on the table , the cup will be filled with oil held 30-40 cm high and tilted away from the desktop , allowing oil to flow slowly empty cup observed their activities , good quality lubricating oil stream should be slim , average , continuous, if thrown oil flow unsteadiness , and sometimes there are large shed , said that oil has gone .

According company's design philosophy, the main bearings mounted directly on the main frame

According company's design philosophy, the main bearings mounted directly on the main frame , the hub and main bearings installed together. Is a compact drive gear box assembly unit generator . In order to ensure reliability and long life requirements , FAG design turbocharger bearings engineers chose a very low generator speed , load on the lookout for gearbox and generator to minimize the adverse effects , custom double row tapered roller bearings can be load passed to the main frame , so that the gearbox generator unit from impact loads . This design can greatly reduce the weight of the device . By eliminating the high -level gear, fan tower head is relatively light weight of about 300t. So the cabin can be pre- assembled on land , at sea installation, simply upgrade once completed lifting .
To simplify company fans spindle bearing equipment maintenance work , can be a subsidiary FAG FAG Industrial Services (F'IS) status monitoring equipment. By arranging a large simulation testing number of sensors , the device can be vibration, temperature changes , and bearing position for continuous monitoring . Any deviation from the positive indicators of monitoring data by experienced experts to assess and take remedial measures to avoid unplanned downtime.